Conference Programme
Conference Programme
The annual International e-Assessment Conference is the world’s foremost digital assessment conference organised by the e-Assessment Association.
Over 180 delegates joined us in London in June 2022 to hear from a broad selection of motivating keynote speakers and industry experts exploring the latest industry developments. This included formative and summative assessment experts and practitioners from Workplace, Professional Awarding Organisations, Schools, Colleges, and Higher Education.
In addition, we announced the winners of the 2022 International e-Assessment Awards at a the Awards Gala Dinner on the evening of 21st June.
Day 1: Tuesday 21st June
Registration
Register and enjoy coffee, tea and pastries in the Exhibition area.

The 2022 International e-Assessment Conference opening remarks by eAA Chief Executive, Matt Wingfield

This keynote will review how the assessment world has changed since we have weathered a pandemic and seen seismic shocks to the delivery of exams. How can e-assessment really help deliver resilience for the education sector and what are the key challenges we need to address to ensure fair delivery and access for all?
Leaders’ panel session: What will stick and what won’t? A post-pandemic look at the future of e-assessment
In 2016 top futurist Thomas Frey from the DaVinci Institute in the US predicted that by 2030 the biggest online company in the world will be an education one. The pandemic has accelerated the move online for e-assessment and it seems inevitable that this online shift will continue despite its challenges. But what really will stay and what will revert back to pre-pandemic behaviour? This panel gathers leaders from across the education sector to assess the past two years and make their predictions for e-assessment’s future.
Moderator:
Matt Wingfield, Chief Executive, e-Assessment Association
Panellists:
Sarah Corcoran, Director of e-Assessment Transformation, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)
Professor Phillip Dawson, Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Australia
Dan Howard, Director of Operations, NCFE
Dr Donald Lancaster, Senior Lecturer / Associate Professor; Director of Teaching MBA, University of Bath
Claudia Bickford-Smith, Director of Education, Oxford University Press
Refreshment Break
Refreshments in the Exhibition Area.
MAIN ROOM: K12 and General Qualifications Case Studies
Chair: Graham Hudson, Managing Director, GA Partnership, Executive Board Member and Secretary, e-Assessment Association
• Planning learning experiences around authentic contexts
• Assessing the process and product of learning
• Providing opportunities for children with different interests and assessing different abilities
Speakers:
Adarsh M S, Vice President, Growth & Strategy, Excelsoft Technologies
Ajay Kulkarni, Head, Business Development, Excelsoft Technologies
Mathew K G, Principal, Excel Public School
Chitra M Uthaya, Head of Assessments and Learning Events, Excelsoft Technologies
This session is a panel with Year 8 and 9 students from Ark Academies Trust discussing their experiences with their teachers. Key takeaways for delegates co-created with the students will be:
• Assessments must reflect the curriculum taught
• Well designed formative assessments support students in understanding what the important learning points are and give them the opportunity to reflect on the learning they have done do far
• Outcomes of assessments must be used to close gaps in learning
• When students understand their strengths and weaknesses they can work together to improve their own learning
• Students’ outcomes on assessments can impact on motivation and engagement with learning
• Students find online assessment engaging and it can better reflect the ways of working todays society
• We need system change to enable schools to really embed online assessment as a viable option
Speakers:
Amie Barr, Head of Assessment, Ark
Connor McElwaine, Vice Principal, Ark Pioneer Academy
This session will outline the work that Qualifications Wales has done to achieve innovative digital assessments within new national qualifications. It will then move on to describe its approach to ensuring that qualification assessments in the future will make the best use of digital technologies and enhance learner engagement.
Speaker: Dean Seabrook, Senior Qualifications Manager, Qualifications Wales
INTERACTIVE ROOM: Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence
Virtual Reality has now reached consumer acceptance levels whereby it can be deemed here to stay. As it makes the transition from a games-based market into business and education, Virtual Reality is already being deployed in learning and training settings. The next logical step is exploring how Virtual Reality simulations can be used to provide assessment and feedback for learners, both formatively and summatively. This interactive session is designed with audience participation and engagement in mind. Attendees will be actively encouraged to add their voices to the debate around how we, as assessment professionals, ensure that the use of this new technology remains grounded in the core principles of test validity, reliability, authenticity and accessibility. Participants will also get the opportunity to enter a Virtual Reality simulated environment to experience the learner perspective and help inform the conversation.
Speakers:
Jeremy Carter, CEO, Sentira
Dr Tony Payton, Senior Lecturer in Healthcare Sciences, University of Manchester
In this session, we will discuss the practical implementation of AI in e-assessment platforms. AI offers a lot of possibilities, but a well-functioning algorithm is not automatically usable for end users in day-to-day tasks. The key takeaways of this session include:
• The amount and quality of available data defines the accuracy of your algorithm
• Fewer data can still result in very specific and narrow implementations of AI
• Human post-editing of the results of AI-powered content creation significantly increases the quality of the results.
• Technology companies can make a difference not only with algorithms, but even more so with a strong focus on usability, keeping the technicality away from the user.
Speakers:
Professor Thomas Demeester, Assistant Professor, IDLab, Ghent University
Filip Vanlerberghe, Product Manager, Televic Education
Virtual reality training is proving to be an effective means of delivering this kind of education, but it raises some new and interesting challenges from the perspective of assessment. In this presentation we will be looking at how rapidly VR education is being taken up across industries, the numerous different ways in which it can be delivered, and some of the current ways in which e-assessment is being undertaken in these virtual environments. It looks to not only show what is being done currently, but to open up questions and answers from the audience as to how this could be done better in future.
Speaker: David Sime, Chief Technology Officer and Co Director, Riiot Digital
Lunch
Enjoy lunch in the Exhibition Area.
MAIN ROOM Remote Invigilation and Online Proctoring
Chair: Romana Moss, Director of Education, Royal College of Emergency Medicine, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
The use of remote proctoring has been around for the last 10 years or so and had been making an impact on the traditional test-centre model. With the onset of the pandemic, some organisations were able to respond quickly, or accelerate their plans, and implement remote proctoring, although many organisations were not able to implement a solution. The e-Assessment Association decided to try undertake a simple piece of research that would provide some insight into the UK market and how remote proctoring is being used; the decision-making process for organisations that have, or are thinking about implementing; plus, the typical costs. This presentation will illustrate the results of the survey giving a picture of the adoption of remote proctoring as it now stands.
Speaker:
Patrick Coates, Director, International Skills UK, Chief Revenue Officer, Certiverse, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
There is now a move to a post-pandemic view on training and education and to examine what changes should persist after the pandemic? Remote invigilation has had its challenges and this panel session will examine:
• What expectations were for remote invigilation and they matched up to reality
• How we adapted to remote invigilation
• What the future is for remote invigilation now we know what we know?
• Maintaining integrity in e-assessment
• The problem of finding a single solution for multiple remote proctoring scenarios
Moderator:
Romana Moss, Director of Education, Royal College of Emergency Medicine, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
Panellists:
Patrick Craven, Director of Policy & Strategic Partnerships, City and Guilds
Jarret Dyer, Test Center Administrator, College of DuPage
Eunice McAllister, Account Director, PSI Services
Paul Muir, Head of Technology Enabled Assessment, British Council, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
INTERACTIVE ROOM: Test development and psychometrics
As online learning and assessments have quickly emerged with new technologies, re-shaping the assessment industry as a whole, it’s no surprise this catalyst has also brought immense opportunity for growth. Previously, much of a candidate’s exam experience was fueled by a one-size-fits-all approach, leading to greater stress among test-takers who were forced to adapt. Today’s accelerated digital transformation presents a prime opportunity for certification and testing sponsors to evaluate the entire test-taker journey, starting at the foundation: the design of the candidate experience.
In this session, learn how we can work together to change the narrative from a one-size-fits-all approach to a candidate-centric and personalised experience, defined through the UX/UI lens. Join us as we discuss:
• An overview of the candidate experience: then, now, and what’s to come in the future
• How to design for a modern, personalized approach, across the entire test-taker journey
• Examples of innovative UX/UI enhancements driving future growth
Speakers:
Richard London, Senior User Experience, Prometric
Manuel Salgado, Head of Training, OutSystems
The presenter will discuss the innovative methods (that use existing technology) implemented over the last two years that allowed for the continuous development of assessments during a time in which experts could not gather in person. Both synchronous and asynchronous processes can be implemented to allow the definition of constructs to be measured, content and material development, and the standard setting phases of validity. Over time, the methods were tailored to maximise efficiency, ease, and to maintain psychometric best practices. Further, these remote development methods indicate a more streamlined, efficient, and user-friendly development journey even as the world is opening up again. A testing platform with item-writing and standard-setting tools will be utilised during the session. Examples from real-world assessments will be presented, as well as several practice exercises during which the audience can experience the virtual test development environment. Discussion following the exercise(s) will demonstrate these new, remote work flows in and of itself.
Speaker: Dr Amanda Dainis, CEO and Lead Psychometrician, Dainis and Company
MAIN ROOM: Higher Education Case Studies
Chair: Martha Gibson, Enhancements & Innovations Manager, Heriot-Watt Online, Heriot-Watt University, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
This presentation will share lessons learned from the implementation of a dedicated digital exam platform and use of Bring Your Own Device, including the support and provision required, and solutions to challenges faced in the context of the pandemic.
Speaker: Dr Rebecca Gill, Learning Enhancement and Technology Adviser, Learning and Teaching Development Service, Academic Services, Newcastle University
For many, the pandemic answered the question should we move toward a digital assessment programme?, but not are we ready for change? The Fry team is delighted to share their experience of implementing a change management framework that lays the foundations for continuous success. Using their eAA award-nominated project with the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) as an example, they'll provide an overview of the methodology used to transform and future-proof the RCPSC assessment programme.
Speakers:
Jon Dupre, Operations Director, North America, Fry-IT
Tim Jones, Head of Service Delivery, Fry-IT
Andre St-Pierre, Associate Director of Assessment Operations, Office of Specialty Education, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC)
Refreshment Break
Refreshments in the Exhibition Area.
The audience will get a better understanding of what it takes to successfully implement a centralised digital exam platform, delivering more than 1 million tests a year. There will be opportunities to ask questions of our implementation experts.
Speakers:
Dr Wimpie Beeken, Senior Project Manager, University of Pretoria
Vegard Sivertsen, CEO, Cirrus Assessment
Detken Scheepers, Head of e-Learning, University of Pretoria
INTERACTIVE ROOM: Innovations in Marking and Feedback
Steve will be talking about how the system works and sharing examples of the value and benefits to schools and education providers with reference to primary, secondary and HE establishments. There will also be an opportunity to use the technology in the live interactive session. Key takeaways for delegate will be:
• How the system works
• The value and benefits to schools/establishments
• How using ACJ can reduce teacher workload while improving teaching practice
Speaker: Steve Dew, Headteacher, Church Cowley St James Primary School, Oxford
What is Automated Essay Marking?
• History of research into AI in essay marking in Australia
• How Western Australia is using Automated Essay Marking to improve human marking (not eliminate human markers
• Benefits derived from this approach – both expected an unexpected
• Challenges encountered and how we are working through these
Speakers:
Melanie Atkin, CEO, New Data Solutions
Tracey Gralton, Principal Literacy Consultant, Western Australian School Curriculum and Standards Authority
Refreshment Break
Refreshments in the Exhibition Area.
In this presentation, discover how a project team worked with awarding organisations City & Guilds and NCFE to understand their requirements and deliver reformed functional skills assessments and question types, in line with the 2019 Ofqual reforms. Through an innovative approach, awarding bodies, usability experts and developers at BTL Surpass worked collaboratively, to reform the tests and also produce new item-level developments, new question types and options to use multiple tools while being tested.
Speakers:
Glenn Hall, Lead Assessment Production Officer, NCFE
Gareth Hopkins, Assessment Solutions Specialist, BTL, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
MAIN ROOM: Closing Keynote

E-assessment presents challenges and possibility for advancement in e-assessment – the use of technology raises comparability and ethics issues. Assessment at home raises authenticity, security and access to technology, privacy – this presentation will look in-depth at how to tackle these issues and take advantage of e-assessment opportunities.
Speaker: Isabel Nisbet, Author, Is Assessment Fair? University of Cambridge

After which, we invite you to join us in the Xi Bar, adjacent to the Exhibition Area, where a cash bar will be in operation, and there is an opportunity for informal networking in our exhibition area.


Co-sponsored by PSI and British Council
Dinner guests will be welcomed with a glass of sparkling wine and entertained by magician Stephen Simmons.


Enjoy a fabulous 3 course dinner with the winners announced throughout the evening, with our after-dinner keynote, wrapping up the evening.
We are seeing the emergence of a resilient, new, wired, Golden Generation who are already reshaping education globally. Their enthusiasm for learning is boundless, but their tolerance and patience are at an end. As they shape learning going forwards there are some clear vectors and velocities that we need to pay careful attention to. Whilst some regions and nations reach out for a new learning future, others claw back to a myopic and familiar learning past. This after dinner chat explores the resulting changes ahead for us all.
Speaker: Professor Stephen Heppell, CEO, Heppell.net
Day 2: Wednesday 22nd June
Enjoy coffee, tea and pastries in the Exhibition area.


Welcoming you to Day Two of the International e-Assessment Conference & Awards


The use of technology for assessment in education raises a range of legal and ethical considerations which need to be managed carefully. This keynote will explore these challenges and possible solutions to ensure they are addressed and confidence can be maintained in the use of AI in e-assessment.
• What is it we are automating
• What can technology do
• Challenges that have been faced so far
Speaker: Was Rahman, CEO & Co-Founder, AI Prescience, Doctoral Researcher in AI Ethics, Governance & Discrimination, Coventry University
This international panel will compare and contrast what’s happening across the world and look at solutions from various countries in creating fair and flexible access to digital technologies and e-assessment. It will particularly focus on solutions to digital exclusion and accessibility for those who have little digital access.
Moderator: Anand Karat, President, Vretta
Panellists:
Claudia Bickford-Smith, Director of Education, Oxford University Press
Dr Sandy Heldsinger, Managing Director, Brightpath
Vali Huseyn, Head of Strategic Development Department, The State Examination Center of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Paul Muir, Head of Technology Enabled Assessment, British Council, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
Dean Seabrook, Senior Qualifications Manager, Qualifications Wales
Refreshment Break
Refreshments in the exhibition area.
MAIN ROOM: Professional Testing
Chair: Romana Moss, Director of Education, Royal College of Emergency Medicine, Board Member, e-Assessment Association
• Working with the regulator to get approval and take the opportunity to go for the better alternative rather than the halfway house
• Changing the perceptions around the standard of assessment
• The ongoing challenge of malpractice and dealing with authenticity of learners
• Supporting the learning partners throughout
Speaker: Dee Arp, COO, NEBOSH
The pandemic has impacted the world in many ways and one of the key trends is acceleration in adoption of technology that helps personalise and localise experiences. Examinations is one such area which has seen an irreversible change during the pandemic, with adoption of home based remote proctored exams. Exams need proctoring and that is an irrefutable truth. Technology based proctoring has proven to be far more efficient, scalable, effective and objective than human proctoring alone. In addition, this also allows for better candidate experience, potentially lower costs, faster exam results processing compared to the manual era.
At the other end of the spectrum, questions around safety and privacy were raised, for exams that are delivered at one’s home. Questions were also raised about accessibility of the exams. How does an exam provider mitigate these concerns using technology or otherwise will define how the accelerated movement of exams into an on-demand era will progress. This presentation will take a deep dive into this aspect and look at insights from working with Talview’s large and reputed customers who trusted them with taking their exams into a remote delivered mode.
Speakers:
Shashank Narain, Customer Success Leader – EMEA, Talview
Ian Castledine, Head of Proposition, RM
Case study: Digital Fast and Furious: Accelerating implementation of remote invigilation and on-screen assessment
This presentation outlines the experience of the Chartered Insurance Institute, an awarding organisation operating in the UK and internationally, in meeting the challenges presented by the pandemic using a move to on-screen assessment and remote invigilation. The presentation will cover:
• Key issues facing learners in financial services sectors and how these were tackled with e-assessment solutions
• Challenges of accelerating the change programme
• Learner acceptance and critical success factors
• Lessons learned
Speaker: Dr Nicola Mellor, Qualifications Director and Responsible Officer, Chartered Insurance Institute
INTERACTIVE ROOM: Innovation in Question Types
This presentation will illustrate how an award-winning platform for wider maths learning was adapted to assess complex maths. It will show how maths support can be set up, how questions of various types are created, and present a current Calculus exam. The talk will illustrate how the system engages the students and how transparency, practice, feedback and moderation can be delivered. Mis-typed or partial solutions can be addressed after the exam and grades adjusted as required. Examples of how the students are engaged as partners in learning or co-designers in developing novel resources will be provided.
Speaker: Dr Ovidiu Bagdasar, Associate Professor of Mathematics, University of Derby
Australia has embarked on an ambitious project to provide teachers with easy access to innovative assessment solutions, and to tools to help them analyse their data and resources to support effective teaching. It’s an exciting initiative. It has the potential to provide teachers with the tools, flexibility and professional learning they need to plan teaching that works best for the students in their classrooms, and to help students better understand their own learning and what they need to learn next. But an initiative like this could have far reaching repercussions (both positive and negative) for companies already selling assessment products in the Australian. In this presentation, Dr Sandy Heldsinger will explain the drivers for this initiative, describe the Australian Education Ministers’ vision for supporting schools and share how the Brightpath formative assessment of writing aligns with this work.
Speaker: Dr Sandy Heldsinger, Managing Director, Brightpath
Despite maturation in the field of eportfolio practice, there is still a perception that portfolio items are generally either for unassessed purposes or comprise a final capstone or summative assessment. However, thoughtful and embedded portfolio practice can open up a wide range of opportunities for ongoing and formative assessment for and as learning, in addition to summative and assessment of learning. In this session we’ll look at how eportfolios can support:
• Structuring and scaffolding feedback and assessment processes
• Developing student feedback-and-assessment literacy
• Enabling students to act as co-creators and active agents in their own assessment
• Formative and dialogic feedback from different stakeholders – including peers and workplace / industry partners
• Feedback and assessment that is iterative, ipsative and dialogic
The session will include an example of practice and the opportunity to see the application of some of these principles in action.
Speaker: Paul Duvall, Learning Consultant, Manager of Customer Services for UK&I, Pebblepad
Lunch
Enjoy Lunch in the Exhibition Area.
MAIN ROOM: Integrity, AI and the future of assessment
Chair: Melanie Atkin, CEO, New Data Solutions
This presentation will address one of the most concerning challenges in e-assessment – security and integrity of exams. It will examine:
• the reasons for student engagement in dishonest behaviour
• mechanisms used for dishonesty
• myths and truisms around cheating
• integrity strategies to handle dishonesty
• the role of machine learning in integrity strategies.
Speaker: Professor Anita Goel, Department of Computer Science, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, India
Understanding auto-scoring models for use in assessment
Test developers and users have come to embrace the use of auto-scoring systems while lacking an established approach to measuring how fair these systems are to the learners we engage with. The complexity and unexplainable nature of elements of “black box” scoring systems, when considered with the understandable reluctance of many developers to share details of proprietary technology is likely to have contributed to the failure of test developers and users to develop and implement a transparent and appropriate approach to specifying and validating these auto-scoring systems. This situation is not helped by the lack of support offered in traditional test development guidelines or standards. In this presentation, Barry will focus on a project designed to offer an in-depth understanding of an AI-scoring model and the validation of its use for a low-stakes placement decisions. In addition to reflecting on the validation process, he will also reflect on lessons learnt by the teams – focusing specifically on generalisability, communication, knowledge building and validation.
Speaker: Professor Barry O’Sullivan, Head of Assessment Research & Development, British Council
Preventing, identifying and responding test taker malpractice in high stakes testing is critical to ensuring the integrity of the test outcome. Different modalities, such as test centre and online proctored delivery, each bring with them different challenges in this respect. But there is common theme; malpractice on any scale will leave a statistical trail that can be identified through data forensics to help diagnose irregularities and exam violations.
In this session, PSI will present a case study of how state-of-the-art data forensics has been used to identify examinees who may have committed misconduct, whether in the test centre or online. It will explain how patterns in, for instance, answer choices, score patterns and response times can flag suspicious behaviour, enabling action to be taken, where necessary, to the benefit of testing organisations and test takers alike.
The testing organisation in this case is ISACA, the recognised leader in IT governance, risk management, security and assurance, with 166,000+ certification holders and 140,000+ members in more than 180 countries. As an organisation so well-versed in risk management, ISACA uses data forensics to put security prioritisation into practice by proactively managing and mitigating threats.
Speakers:
Alistair Fryer-Bovill, VP Marketing, PSI Services
Nicole Tucker, Director of Statistical Reporting and Analytics, PSI Services
INTERACTIVE ROOM: Accessibility and User Experience
Lexplore provides schools and organisations with the latest in both AI and eye-tracking technology, to get a clear view of a student’s reading ability and help them improve. The key take away points for delegates from this session will be:
• Learn how to assess a student’s reading ability in just 3-5 minutes, using eye tracking technology. As no marking is required by Examiners, more time can be spent on analysis and interventions
• Learn how to access and analyse reading assessment results
• Learn the basics of how to work systematically with reading development
Speakers:
Lucy Armitage, Head of Customer Engagement UK, Lexplore
Aimee Cave, Assistant Headteacher, Pocklington Community Junior School, part of the Wolds Learning Partnership
Rune Vindenes, Sales Director, Lexplore
Designing valid assessments is no trivial task. Designing valid assessments that are inclusive and accessible to the widest range of users is even more challenging, but the process of designing for inclusion can be a stimulus for improved practices that benefit all examinees. This session will:
• Provide an overview of accessibility considerations at platform level, identifying some of the commonest accessibility barriers in online platforms
• Provide a hands on experience to the range of ways disabled candidates might interact with digital exam content
• Explore potential barriers in relation to question design and how small changes can make a big difference
• Map the potential accessibility issues – and opportunities - along the spectrum from digitised exam papers to ``born digital`` exams to emerging assessment technologies like virtual reality
• Consider the issues for awarding bodies in relation to:
- Providing accessibility statements for their products
- Ensuring accessibility awareness is embedded across a range of roles from external verifiers to markers, interface design to question setting.
Speaker: Alistair McNaught, Director, McNaught Consultancy
To produce fully accessible exam content, it’s vital that we learn to recognise more diverse disabilities to ensure we have the proper procedures in place for developing content accordingly. However, this often presents many challenges when determining how to properly develop new content.
This session will utilise examples and trends to analyse critical steps the industry can leverage to establish a comprehensive content review and approval process, as well as steps organisations can leverage to accommodate candidates, ensuring equal access to assessment services across all modalities. Speakers will discuss:
• This anticipated growth of disabilities and the impact on the assessment industry.
• Challenges many organisations face when developing exams fully accessible to assistive technologies.
• How Prometric works in partnership with testing organisations to ensure that test-takers with unique needs have full access to the programmes and services available
Speakers:
Richard London, Senior User Experience, Prometric
Marc Van Hasselt, Vice President, Customer Experience, Prometric
MAIN ROOM: Panel Session
Panel session: How can we as a community enhance our own skills and do our jobs better?
This panel will explore the opportunities available to e-assessment professionals in the education sector to learn more about digital assessment and how they can improve their professional development for creating high quality digital first credentialling and qualification programmes.
Moderator: Sarah Corcoran, Director of e-Assessment Transformation, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)
Panellists:
Gwyneth Toolan, Innovation Product Manager and Assessment Ambassador for Cambridge Assessment Network, RM
Dr Mick Walker, President, Chartered Institute of Educational Assessors
Bill West, Senior Vice President, Business Development, Examity, Member of Board of Directors, Institute of Credentialling Excellence
John Winkley, Director, AlphaPlus
MAIN ROOM



After two days of incredible content, international stories and great discussions and keynote presentations, our Chairman, Tim Burnett will give a closing note and invite everyone to join us for refreshments in the Exhibition Area for the final time.
AO e-Assessment Special Interest Group
The eAA is pleased to be launching a brand-new e-assessment special interest group (SIG) or network aimed specifically at supporting the use of technology enabled-assessment by AOs, EPAOs, professional bodies and other international organisations involved in issuing and awarding qualifications. This inaugural meeting is open to all representatives from the above organisations and will be used to set out and agree the initial aims of the SIG.
EXHIBITION AREA
Join us for informal networking and refreshments in the Exhibition Area